Friday, 21 October 2011

Moammar Khadafi : the journey is finally end

Moammar Gadhafi, Libya's dictator for 42 years until he was ousted in an uprising-turned-civil war, was killed Thursday as revolutionary fighters overwhelmed his hometown of Sirte and captured the last major bastion of resistance two months after his regime fell.


The 69-year-old Gadhafi is the first leader to be killed in the Arab Spring wave of popular uprisings that swept the Middle East, demanding the end of autocratic rulers and the establishment of greater democracy.
"We have been waiting for this moment for a long time. Moammar Gadhafi has been killed," Prime Minister Mahmoud Jibril told a news conference in the capital of Tripoli.
There were conflicting accounts about Gadhafi's final hours, with the interim government saying he was captured unharmed and later mortally wounded in the crossfire from both sides. A second account described how he was already wounded in the chest when he was seized and later sustained the other wounds.
Interim government officials said one of Gadhafi's sons, his former national security adviser Muatassim, also was killed in Sirte, and another, one-time heir apparent Seif al-Islam, was wounded and captured.
Gadhafi's death decisively ends a regime that had turned Libya into an international pariah and ran the oil-rich nation by the whim and brutality of its notoriously eccentric leader.
'We want him alive' Libya stands on the cusp of a new era, but its turmoil may not be over. The former rebels who now rule are disorganized and face rebuilding a country virtually without institutions by Gadhafi's design. They have already shown signs of infighting, with divisions between geographical areas and Islamist and more secular ideologies.
President Barack Obama told the Libyan people: "You have won your revolution."
Although the U.S. briefly led the NATO bombing campaign in Libya that sealed Gadhafi's fate, Washington later took a secondary role to its allies. Britain and France said they hoped that his death would lead to a more democratic Libya.
Video: US drone fired missile leads to capture of Gadhafi Arab broadcasters showed graphic images of the balding, goateed Gadhafi — wounded, with a bloodied face and shirt — but alive. Later video showed fighters rolling Gadhafi's lifeless body over on the pavement, stripped to the waist and a pool of blood under his head.
Standing, he was shoved along a Sirte road by fighters who chanted "God is great." Gadhafi appears to struggle against them, stumbling and shouting as the fighters push him onto the hood of a truck.
He was driven around lying on the hood of a truck, according to the video. One fighter is seen holding him down, pressing on his thigh with a pair of shoes in a show of contempt.
"We want him alive. We want him alive," one man shouted before Gadhafi is dragged away, some fighters pulling his hair, toward an ambulance.
Most accounts agreed Gadhafi had been holed up with heavily armed supporters in the last few buildings held by regime loyalists in the Mediterranean coastal town, where revolutionary fighters have been trying prevail for more than a month.
At one point, a convoy tried to flee and was hit by NATO airstrikes, carried out by French warplanes. France's Defense Minister Gerard Longuet said the 80-vehicle convoy was carrying Gadhafi and was trying to escape the city. The strikes stopped the convoy but did not destroy it, and then revolutionary fighters moved in on Gadhafi.
U.S. officials told NBC News Thursday afternoon that a U.S. Predator drone had fired a hellfire missile at the convoy carrying Gadhafi as he tried to leave Sirte. According to the officials, both the Predator and a NATO warplane launched missiles, striking several vehicles while the rest scattered. France's defense minister said a French fighter jet also attacked the convoy.
One fighter who said he was at the battle told AP Television News that the final fight took place at an opulent compound. Adel Busamir said the convoy tried to break out but after being hit, it turned back and re-entered the compound. Several hundred fighters attacked.
"We found him there," Busamir said of Gadhafi. "We saw them beating him (Gadhafi) and someone shot him with a 9mm pistol ... then they took him away."
Military spokesman Col. Ahmed Bani in Tripoli told Al-Jazeera TV that a wounded Gadhafi "tried to resist (revolutionary forces) so they took him down."
Biggest killers of Americans ... now are dead 

taken from msn.com 
my excel assignment, sorry for being late, due to connection problem in kolej keris mas..
A138740-Excel

Tuesday, 18 October 2011

Tuesday, 4 October 2011


*  computers and how they work

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*      Why is it important to know how a computer works?  Easy, if you don't, it will be hard to control.  Computers were never built to control us even though that is how it appears.  Their creation was just another tool God gave man to use to benefit society.  What can you do to learn more about computers?  I have an easy answer.  Just read, and use computers more.  They are not that hard and with time you too can become the master over this tool.
*      Computers, the ones we know and love have not been around all that long.  The first home personal computer was not sold until 1977.  We have come a long way since then.  Did you know that in 1983 there were approximately 2 million personal computers in use in the United States.  However just 10 years later in 1993 the number had jumped to more than 90 million.  And now the number is in the hundreds of millions.
*      Computers, today are small, fast, reliable, and extremely useful.  Back in 1977 that really was not the case.  However, they both operated in basically the same way.  They both receive data, stored data, processed data, and then output data similar the the way our own brain functions.  This article deals with those 4 functions: Memory, Processing, Input, and Output.



*                      Memory

*      Lets look at computer memory first.  The function of storage in a computer comes in many different sizes, types and shapes.  However there are two basic categories: short-term and long-term.  A typical computer contains numerous types of memory including RAMROMvirtualcache, and various long-term storage devices.  Each type of computer memory serves a specific function and purpose.
*      Computer memory is measured in bytes.  A single byte is made up of a series of 1's and 0's normally traveling in pairs of eight.  These eight 0's and 1's are the way the computer communicates and stores information.  With each keystroke or character a byte of memory is used.  In another article you will learn more about bits and how the computer thinks
*      ROM 
ROM, or read-only memory is permanent, long-term, nonvolatile memory.  Nonvolatile means is doesn't disappear when the computer is shut off.  It also can not be erased or changed in anyway.  However there are types of ROM called PROM that can be altered.  The P stands for programmable.  ROM's purpose is to store the basic input/output system (BIOS) that controls the start-up, or boot process.
*      RAM
RAM, or random-access memory unlike ROM works only when the computer is turned on.  This memory is vital to the computer because it controls the moment by moment processes of the computer.  The first thing that goes into RAM is the OS (operating system) which is most cases is Windows 95.  Next for the RAM might be a game, or the Internet browser, or some type of software that you want to use.
*      Early personal computer only needed about 64K of RAM.  Today that number is drastically higher.  With photos, sounds, and even movies going into RAM, the amount need is now in the millions.  The computer I am currently using has 80 MB or 80,000K of RAM.
*      Multitasking has put more demand on RAM in the past few years.  Multitasking is the ability to run more than one program at the same time.  For instance, many people like to run Netscape Communicator along with their word processing software.  This means you need lots of RAM to hold both programs.
*      Other types of temporary memory are cache (pronounced "cash") and virtual memory.  Both of these types of memory supplement the computer's primary RAM and perform the same function as RAM.

*                      Storage Devices:

*      RAM and ROM may be very important parts of the computer; however, without storage devices like hard drives and disk drives your computer would not be near as useful.
*      Here are the most common forms of Storage Devices found on your home computer:
Thumb Drive or Memory Stick A device that in 1998 IBM introduced and has caught on very quickly as a great portable storage device.  It quickly replaced the floppy disk. This small device is extremely reliable and fits in the USB port on your computer.  It come in sizes ranging from 1 GB to 64 GB in size.

*                      Hard disk (drive) or HD

*      A stack of round metal platters called disks encased in a metal air tight shell.  They commonly range in sizes from 60  to 500 gigabytes (1000MB=1GB).  The hard drive's function is to store all the files, and software the computer will ever use.  Any file or software program used by RAM most likely will come from the disk drive

*                      CD-ROM (Compact disk, read-only memory)

*      CD's function much like hard drive in that they store large amounts of memory.  What separates them is their mobility and optical storage technology.  Their storage capacity is also very limited compared to hard drives.  The can only hold up to approximately 650 MB of information.  The other big difference is that you have to have a special drive to write to CD's.  Otherwise they can only be read from.

*                      DVD-ROM (digital video disk, read-only memory)

*      DVD's are similar to CD in that they are written and read by laser.  Hard drives use magnetic currents store data.  However CD's and DVD's use light (laser) to write and read data on a disk.  These long and short pits are then stored or etched on the surface of the disk.  They can only be read by laser technology.  The new DVD technology increased the amount of memory a regular CD can hold.  DVD's can range in sizes from 4.34GB (1000MB=1GB)  to 7.95GB.

*                      Processing

*      If someone had to find the brains of the computer they would most certainly say its the microprocessor.  The microprocessor is often referred to as the CPU (Central processing unit).  The microprocessor is a chip the size of a postage stamp.  The processor is the one part of the computer that is most important to the computer.  The microprocessor controls how data is sorted and directs the flow of data.
*      To a great extent a computer is defined by the power of its microprocessor.  Chips with higher processing speed and more recent design offer the greatest performance and access to new technologies.  Most microprocessors made for PCs are made by Intel or by companies that clone Intel chips, such as Advanced Micro Devices (AMD) and Cyrix.
*      The early Intel chip came in models called 286, 386, and 486.  The 586 chip was given the name Pentium.  The series of Pentiums were given the following names: Pentium ProPentium with MMX, and Pentium II.  The newer processors hold more transistors and thus more computing power on a single chip.

*                      Input

*      One of the best features of a computer is the ability to give the computer commands and feed it information.  Without an input device this would not be possible.  Input devices can be built into the computer, like the keyboard in a laptop, or it can be connected to the computer by a cable.  The most common input device is the keyboard.  There are lots of others such as: micetrackballstouch padstouch screenspensjoysticksscannersbar code readersvideo and digital cameras, and microphones.  In addition, storage devices such as disk drives can serve as input devices.

*                      Output

*      Input is important but equally important is the ability to read what the computer is doing.  The computer output devices are used to serve the user.  The most common output device is the monitor, or screen.  However most computer come with speakers and a printer which are excellent output devices.  Storage devices such as disk drives and diskettes also serve as output devices when it is necessary to write new or updated data files to disk or tape.


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